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The Relative Age Effects in Educational Development: A Systematic Review

Alar Urruticoechea, Andrés Oliveri, Elena Vernazza, Marta Giménez-Dasí, Rosario Martínez-Arias, Javier Martín-Babarro. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(17), 2021, 8966.

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Open access. Twenty-one articles, 24 countries, 32 assessments, and the education side of the effect rather than the sport side, which is what matters for ordinary readers. The academic gap mostly fades by age nine to eleven in the studies reviewed. Adult-outcome differences are reported for relatively younger males specifically, so sex is a moderator and not a uniform effect.

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The Relative Age Effect
For the education-side systematic review and the fade of the academic gap.