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Becoming An Astronomer in Late Medieval China

Qiao Yang. Journal of Chinese History 9, 2025, 251-270.

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Issue 2. Read in full. Reconstructs the training and examination of astronomers from the 1275 regulation of the Yuan Bureau of Astronomy and from biographies, and argues against the received account in which a state monopoly and hereditary office explain a stagnation of Chinese astronomy.

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The Astronomical Bureau and the Calendar Case
Read in full. For the sections of the Yuan bureau and their order of privilege, for the prohibition on interpreting the sky outside the bureaus and its limits, and for the argument against the received account of monopoly and stagnation.