Annual Age-Grouping and Athlete Development: A Meta-Analytical Review of Relative Age Effects in Sport
Stephen Cobley, Joseph Baker, Nick Wattie, Jim McKenna. Sports Medicine 39(3), 2009, 235-256.
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Thirty-eight studies, 253 samples, 14 sports, 16 countries. Effect sizes are small overall and the magnitude increases with the relative-age gap, which is the dose-response pattern that makes the finding credible. Strongest in adolescent males at representative level. The authors themselves flag that evidence in female athletes is sparse, and that limit should travel with any use of the paper.
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- The Relative Age Effect
- For the sport-side meta-analysis, its dose-response finding, and its own limits.